6.5.9 Equality operators

equality-expression:
                relational-expression
                equality-expression == relational-expression
                equality-expression != relational-expression

1203 One of the following shall hold:

1204 — both operands have arithmetic type;

1205 — both operands are pointers to qualified or unqualified versions of compatible types;

1206 — one operand is a pointer to an object or incomplete type and the other is a pointer to a qualified or unqualified version of void; or

1207 — one operand is a pointer and the other is a null pointer constant.

1208 The == (equal to) and != (not equal to) operators are analogous to the relational operators except for their lower precedence.⁹¹⁾

1209 Each of the operators yields 1 if the specified relation is true and 0 if it is false.

1210 The result has type int.

1211 For any pair of operands, exactly one of the relations is true.

1212 If both of the operands have arithmetic type, the usual arithmetic conversions are performed.

1213 Values of complex types are equal if and only if both their real parts are equal and also their imaginary parts are equal.

1214 Any two values of arithmetic types from different type domains are equal if and only if the results of their conversions to the (complex) result type determined by the usual arithmetic conversions are equal.

1215 91) The expression a<b<c is not interpreted as in ordinary mathematics.

1216 As the syntax indicates, it means (a<b);

1217 in other words, “if a is less than b, compare 1 to c; otherwise, compare 0 to c”.

1218 90) Because of the precedences, a<b == c<d is 1 whenever a<b and c<d have the same truth-value.

1219 Otherwise, at least one operand is a pointer.

1220 If one operand is a pointer and the other is a null pointer constant, the null pointer constant is converted to the type of the pointer.

1221 If one operand is a pointer to an object or incomplete type and the other is a pointer to a qualified or unqualified version of void, the former is converted to the type of the latter.

1222 For the purposes of these operators, a pointer to an object that is not an element of an array behaves the same as a pointer to the first element of an array of length one with the type of the object as its element type.

1223 Two pointers compare equal if and only if both are null pointers, both are pointers to the same object (including a pointer to an object and a subobject at its beginning) or function, both are pointers to one past the last element of the same array object, or one is a pointer to one past the end of one array object and the other is a pointer to the start of a different array object that happens to immediately follow the first array object in the address space.⁹²⁾